Fundamentos de enfermería en prevención y control de infecciones respiratorias en hogares de ancianos
Fundamentals of nursing in the prevention and control of respiratory infections in nursing homes
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56712/latam.v4i2.900Palabras clave:
control de infección, hogares de ancianos, gestión de riesgos, prevenciónResumen
Las infecciones respiratorias agudas se constituyen como un grave problema en la salud mundial debido a su asociación con elevadas tasas de morbimortalidad. En ancianos, las condiciones de inmunosenescencia relacionadas con la edad sumado a las condiciones crónicas conllevan a un deterioro de su integridad física, funcional y cognitiva; lo cual conduce a un estado de fragilidad, estas condiciones contribuyen a que las infecciones respiratorias produzcan un cuadro severo, mayor número de hospitalizaciones y mortalidad. El objetivo de esta revisión es describir las intervenciones del personal de enfermería en el control y prevención de infecciones respiratorias en hogares de ancianos basados en las prácticas básicas descritas por los Centros para el Control y Prevención de Enfermedades (CDC). Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica narrativa, se utilizó metodología con enfoque cualitativo, descriptivo, bibliográfico documental de investigaciones realizadas en función a la temática de la investigación. En los residentes de hogares de ancianos, las características propias de las instalaciones y condiciones de inmunosenescencia contribuyen a un mayor riesgo de propagación de infecciones. Los miembros del CDC en el 2014 sintetizaron las prácticas básicas cruciales para la prevención de infecciones relacionadas con la atención sanitaria descritas en 16 directrices y organizadas en ocho ámbitos interrelacionados. Todas estas intervenciones han demostrado gran efectividad en el control y prevención de infecciones, sin embargo, existen barreras en su cumplimiento entra las que destaca el desabastecimiento de equipo de protección personal y falta de personal capacitado.
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