La importancia del consumo energético en el desarrollo económico de Ecuador
The importance of energy consumption in the economic development of Ecuador
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56712/latam.v6i2.3671Palabras clave:
consumo energético, crecimiento económico, energías renovables, infraestructura energéticaResumen
La diversificación de la matriz energética y la inversión en energías renovables impactan en el desarrollo económico del país. Este estudio analiza la relación entre el consumo energético y el desarrollo económico de Ecuador entre 1990 y 2024. Se utilizó un enfoque econométrico con un modelo de Mínimos Cuadrados Ordinarios (MCO), empleando datos del Banco Central del Ecuador y la Agencia Internacional de Energía. Los resultados indican que el consumo total de energía no siempre impulsa el crecimiento económico de manera proporcional, debido a ineficiencias y la dependencia de combustibles fósiles. En contraste, la inversión en energías renovables tiene un impacto positivo y significativo en el PIB per cápita, lo que resalta la importancia de la transición energética. Además, la inversión en infraestructura energética mejora el acceso a la electricidad y la competitividad industrial. Se observó que los precios de la energía afectan negativamente el crecimiento económico, lo que subraya la necesidad de políticas de estabilidad tarifaria. La investigación sugiere que Ecuador debe diversificar su matriz energética con fuentes renovables y mejorar la eficiencia en el consumo para lograr un crecimiento sostenible. En conclusión, se recomienda una combinación de políticas que fomenten la inversión en energías limpias, la infraestructura energética y la estabilidad de precios, garantizando así el desarrollo económico y la sostenibilidad ambiental del país.
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