Impacto de vapeadores o cigarrillos electrónicos en la salud: una revisión de la evidencia científica
Impact of vapes or electronic cigarettes on health: a review of the scientific evidence
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56712/latam.v5i5.2669Palabras clave:
vapeo, EVALI, riesgos cardiovasculares, salud bucal, efectosResumen
Este estudio revisa el impacto de los cigarrillos electrónicos o "vapeadores" enfocándose en efectos respiratorios, cardiovasculares y bucales. A través de la revisión en diversas bases de datos, se seleccionaron 18 estudios recientes que abordan los efectos de estos dispositivos. Los hallazgos revelan que el uso de vapeadores está asociado con la lesión pulmonar EVALI, manifestada por síntomas respiratorios severos y anomalías pulmonares detectables en imágenes médicas. Además, se observa inflamación sistémica y disfunción endotelial entre los usuarios, lo que sugiere un riesgo incrementado de enfermedades cardiovasculares a largo plazo. En relación a la salud bucal, se documentan mayores tasas de periodontitis, riesgo de caries y posibles implicaciones cancerígenas debido a componentes como formaldehído y acetaldehído presentes en los aerosoles de vapeo. Se subraya la necesidad urgente de estudios longitudinales más amplios para evaluar completamente los impactos a largo plazo de estos dispositivos, así como la implementación de regulaciones más estrictas y campañas educativas preventivas dirigidas especialmente a adolescentes, con el objetivo de reducir los riesgos asociados al uso de cigarrillos electrónicos.
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