Evaluación crítica de sistemas citológicos en cáncer cervical: Revisión Bethesda y otros enfoques para diagnóstico eficaz
“Critical evaluation of cytological systems in cervical cancer: Review of Bethesda classification and other approaches for effective diagnosis”
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56712/latam.v5i1.1666Palabras clave:
clasificación de bethesda, citología cervical, citología en medio líquido, pruebas de vph (virus del papiloma humano), diagnóstico de cáncer cervicalResumen
Este estudio analiza los sistemas de clasificación citológica en el diagnóstico del cáncer cervical, centrándose en la evolución de la clasificación de Bethesda y comparándola con enfoques emergentes. Se llevó a cabo una revisión exhaustiva de la literatura, abarcando datos desde la introducción de la Clasificación de Bethesda en 1988 hasta las revisiones más recientes. Se incluyó un análisis comparativo con otros sistemas y se evaluaron aspectos como sensibilidad, especificidad y aplicabilidad clínica. Se examinaron desafíos y limitaciones asociados con la Clasificación de Bethesda, como la ambigüedad en la interpretación de categorías y la variabilidad interobservador. Además, se exploraron desarrollos tecnológicos, como la citología en medio líquido y pruebas de VPH, destacando mejoras en la detección y eficiencia en el procesamiento de muestras. La comparación detallada reveló diferencias en la sensibilidad y especificidad entre la Clasificación de Bethesda y otros enfoques, destacando la adaptabilidad de los sistemas a nuevos avances científicos. Se resaltó la individualización del diagnóstico mediante biomarcadores y la integración de datos moleculares como enfoques prometedores. Se ofrecen recomendaciones para la práctica clínica y la investigación futura, subrayando la necesidad de enfoques más personalizados y la integración de tecnologías emergentes para mejorar la precisión diagnóstica en el cáncer cervical.
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