Rol de enfermería en la prevención y atención en las complicaciones del embarazo asociadas a la obesidad
The role of nursing in the prevention and care of obesity-related complications of pregnancy
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56712/latam.v4i6.1564Palabras clave:
obesidad, peso gestacional, diabetes, preeclampsia, actividad físicaResumen
El embarazo constituye un periodo caracterizado por adaptaciones fisiológicas en la madre, que pueden conllevar complicaciones tanto para ella como para el feto. Aproximadamente una cuarta parte de las complicaciones del embarazo guardan vínculo con la obesidad materna, entre las cuales se incluyen diabetes mellitus gestacional, trastornos hipertensivos gestacionales, procedimientos de cesárea, macrosomía, nacimiento de bebés con un peso superior para su edad gestacional y requerimientos de reanimación al nacer. El propósito de esta revisión es analizar el papel del personal de enfermería en la prevención, detección temprana y atención integral de las complicaciones asociadas a la obesidad en el embarazo. La metodología se basó en un enfoque cualitativo y descriptivo, apoyado en la revisión de investigaciones documentales relacionadas con el tema de estudio recuperada a partir de bibliotecas digitales. Entre los resultados se evidenció la importancia de abordar la obesidad mediante cambios en la alimentación y la actividad física para mejorar la salud materno-fetal. El papel de las enfermeras en la promoción de estilos de vida saludables, la gestión nutricional y el fomento de la actividad física durante el embarazo es esencial para prevenir complicaciones y garantizar la salud integral de las madres y sus hijos.
Descargas
Citas
Abayomi, J. C., Charnley, M. S., Cassidy, L., McCann, M. T., Jones, J., Wright, M., & Newson, L. M. (2020). A patient and public involvement investigation into healthy eating and weight management advice during pregnancy. International Journal for Quality in Health Care : Journal of the International Society for Quality in Health Care, 32(1), 28–34. https://doi.org/10.1093/INTQHC/MZZ081 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/intqhc/mzz081
ACOG. (2020). Physical Activity and Exercise during Pregnancy and the Postpartum Period: ACOG Committee Opinion Summary, Number 804. Obstetrics and Gynecology, 135(4), 991–993. https://doi.org/10.1097/AOG.0000000000003773 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/AOG.0000000000003773
Bahadoran, P., Pouya, F., Zolaktaf, V., & Taebi, M. (2015). The effect of stretching exercise and walking on changes of blood pressure in nulliparous women. Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research, 20(2), 205. /pmc/articles/PMC4387644/
Bailey, C., Skouteris, H., Harrison, C. L., Boyle, J., Bartlett, R., Hill, B., Thangaratinam, S., Teede, H., & Ademi, Z. (2020). Cost Effectiveness of Antenatal Lifestyle Interventions for Preventing Gestational Diabetes and Hypertensive Disease in Pregnancy. PharmacoEconomics Open, 4(3), 499. https://doi.org/10.1007/S41669-020-00197-9 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s41669-020-00197-9
Berghella, V., & Saccone, G. (2017). Exercise in pregnancy! American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 216(4), 335–337. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.AJOG.2017.01.023 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2017.01.023
Bjerregaard, A. A., Halldorsson, T. I., Tetens, I., & Olsen, S. F. (2019). Mother’s dietary quality during pregnancy and offspring’s dietary quality in adolescence: Follow-up from a national birth cohort study of 19,582 mother–offspring pairs. PLoS Medicine, 16(9). https://doi.org/10.1371/JOURNAL.PMED.1002911 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1002911
do Nascimento, G. R., Borges, M. do C., Figueiroa, J. N., Alves, L. V., & Alves, J. G. (2019). Physical activity pattern in early pregnancy and gestational diabetes mellitus risk among low-income women: A prospective cross-sectional study. SAGE Open Medicine, 7. https://doi.org/10.1177/2050312119875922 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/2050312119875922
Geller, S. E., Koch, A. R., Garland, C. E., MacDonald, E. J., Storey, F., & Lawton, B. (2018). A global view of severe maternal morbidity: moving beyond maternal mortality. Reproductive Health, 15(Suppl 1). https://doi.org/10.1186/S12978-018-0527-2 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12978-018-0527-2
Goldstein, R. F., Abell, S. K., Ranasinha, S., Misso, M., Boyle, J. A., Black, M. H., Li, N., Hu, G., Corrado, F., Rode, L., Kim, Y. J., Haugen, M., Song, W. O., Kim, M. H., Bogaerts, A., Devlieger, R., Chung, J. H., & Teede, H. J. (2017). Association of Gestational Weight Gain With Maternal and Infant Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA, 317(21), 2207. https://doi.org/10.1001/JAMA.2017.3635 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2017.3635
Harrison, C. L., Brown, W. J., Hayman, M., Moran, L. J., & Redman, L. M. (2016). The Role of Physical Activity in Preconception, Pregnancy and Postpartum Health. Seminars in Reproductive Medicine, 34(2), e28. https://doi.org/10.1055/S-0036-1583530 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0036-1583530
Hartling, L., Dryden, D. M., Guthrie, A., Muise, M., Vandermeer, B., Aktary, W. M., Pasichnyk, D., Seida, J. C., & Donovan, L. (2012). Screening and diagnosing gestational diabetes mellitus. Evidence Report/Technology Assessment, 210, 1. /pmc/articles/PMC4781607/
Hod, M., Kapur, A., Sacks, D. A., Hadar, E., Agarwal, M., Di Renzo, G. C., Roura, L. C., McIntyre, H. D., Morris, J. L., & Divakar, H. (2015). The International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) Initiative on gestational diabetes mellitus: A pragmatic guide for diagnosis, management, and care. International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics: The Official Organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, 131 Suppl 3, S173–S211. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0020-7292(15)30033-3 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0020-7292(15)30007-2
Hoffmann, J., Günther, J., Geyer, K., Stecher, L., Rauh, K., Kunath, J., Meyer, D., Sitzberger, C., Spies, M., Rosenfeld, E., Kick, L., Oberhoffer, R., & Hauner, H. (2019). Effects of a lifestyle intervention in routine care on prenatal physical activity – findings from the cluster-randomised GeliS trial. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 19(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/S12884-019-2553-7 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-019-2553-7
Homer, C. S., Oats, J., Middleton, P., Ramson, J., & Diplock, S. (2018). Updated clinical practice guidelines on pregnancy care. The Medical Journal of Australia, 209, 409–412. https://doi.org/10.5694/mja18.00286 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5694/mja18.00286
Khomami, M. B., Walker, R., Kilpatrick, M., Jersey, S. de, Skouteris, H., & Moran, L. J. (2021). The role of midwives and obstetrical nurses in the promotion of healthy lifestyle during pregnancy. Therapeutic Advances in Reproductive Health, 15, 263349412110318. https://doi.org/10.1177/26334941211031866 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/26334941211031866
Khoram, S., Loripoor, M., Pirhadi, M., & Beigi, M. (2019). The effect of walking on pregnancy blood pressure disorders in women susceptible to pregnancy hypertension: A randomized clinical trial. Journal of Education and Health Promotion, 8(1). https://doi.org/10.4103/JEHP.JEHP_378_18
Lisonkova, S., Muraca, G. M., Potts, J., Liauw, J., Chan, W. S., Skoll, A., & Lim, K. I. (2017). Association Between Prepregnancy Body Mass Index and Severe Maternal Morbidity. JAMA, 318(18), 1777–1786. https://doi.org/10.1001/JAMA.2017.16191 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2017.16191
Magro-Malosso, E. R., Saccone, G., Di Tommaso, M., Roman, A., & Berghella, V. (2017). Exercise during pregnancy and risk of gestational hypertensive disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica, 96(8), 921–931. https://doi.org/10.1111/AOGS.13151 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/aogs.13151
McCann, M. T., Newson, L., Burden, C., Rooney, J. S., Charnley, M. S., & Abayomi, J. C. (2018). A qualitative study exploring midwives’ perceptions and knowledge of maternal obesity: Reflecting on their experiences of providing healthy eating and weight management advice to pregnant women. Maternal & Child Nutrition, 14(2). https://doi.org/10.1111/MCN.12520 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/mcn.12520
McLellan, J. M., O’Carroll, R. E., Cheyne, H., & Dombrowski, S. U. (2019). Investigating midwives’ barriers and facilitators to multiple health promotion practice behaviours: a qualitative study using the theoretical domains framework. Implementation Science : IS, 14(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/S13012-019-0913-3 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13012-019-0913-3
Mensah, G. P., ten Ham-Baloyi, W., van Rooyen, D. R. M., & Jardien-Baboo, S. (2020). Guidelines for the nursing management of gestational diabetes mellitus: An integrative literature review. Nursing Open, 7(1), 78. https://doi.org/10.1002/NOP2.324 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/nop2.324
Mottola, M. F., Davenport, M. H., Ruchat, S. M., Davies, G. A., Poitras, V. J., Gray, C. E., Jaramillo Garcia, A., Barrowman, N., Adamo, K. B., Duggan, M., Barakat, R., Chilibeck, P., Fleming, K., Forte, M., Korolnek, J., Nagpal, T., Slater, L. G., Stirling, D., & Zehr, L. (2018). 2019 Canadian guideline for physical activity throughout pregnancy. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 52(21), 1339–1346. https://doi.org/10.1136/BJSPORTS-2018-100056 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2018-100056
Nasiri-Amiri, F., Bakhtiari, A., Faramarzi, M., Rad, H. A., & Pasha, H. (2016). The Association Between Physical Activity During Pregnancy and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Case-Control Study. International Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism, 14(3), 37123. https://doi.org/10.5812/IJEM.37123 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5812/ijem.37123
Phelan, S., Clifton, R. G., Haire-Joshu, D., Redman, L. M., Van Horn, L., Evans, M., Joshipura, K., Couch, K. A., Arteaga, S. S., Cahill, A. G., Drews, K. L., Franks, P. W., Gallagher, D., Josefson, J. L., Klein, S., Knowler, W. C., Martin, C. K., Peaceman, A. M., Thom, E. A., … Pi-Sunyer, X. (2020). One-year postpartum anthropometric outcomes in mothers and children in the LIFE-Moms lifestyle intervention clinical trials. International Journal of Obesity (2005), 44(1), 57. https://doi.org/10.1038/S41366-019-0410-4 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41366-019-0410-4
Santos, S., Voerman, E., Amiano, P., Barros, H., Beilin, L. J., Bergström, A., Charles, M. A., Chatzi, L., Chevrier, C., Chrousos, G. P., Corpeleijn, E., Costa, O., Costet, N., Crozier, S., Devereux, G., Doyon, M., Eggesbø, M., Fantini, M. P., Farchi, S., … Jaddoe, V. W. V. (2019). Impact of maternal body mass index and gestational weight gain on pregnancy complications: An individual participant data meta-analysis of European, North American and Australian cohorts. BJOG : An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 126(8), 984. https://doi.org/10.1111/1471-0528.15661 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/1471-0528.15661
Simon, A., Pratt, M., Hutton, B., Skidmore, B., Fakhraei, R., Rybak, N., Corsi, D. J., Walker, M., Velez, M. P., Smith, G. N., & Gaudet, L. M. (2020). Guidelines for the management of pregnant women with obesity: A systematic review. Obesity Reviews, 21(3). https://doi.org/10.1111/OBR.12972 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/obr.12972
Timmermans, Y. E. G., Van De Kant, K. D. G., Reijnders, D., Kleijkers, L. M. P., Dompeling, E., Kramer, B. W., Zimmermann, L. J. I., Steegers-Theunissen, R. P. M., Spaanderman, M. E. A., & Vreugdenhil, A. C. E. (2019). Towards Prepared mums (TOP-mums) for a healthy start, a lifestyle intervention for women with overweight and a child wish: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial in the Netherlands. BMJ Open, 9(11), 30236. https://doi.org/10.1136/BMJOPEN-2019-030236 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-030236
Tobias, D. K., Zhang, C., Van Dam, R. M., Bowers, K., & Hu, F. B. (2011). Physical Activity Before and During Pregnancy and Risk of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A meta-analysis. Diabetes Care, 34(1), 223. https://doi.org/10.2337/DC10-1368 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2337/dc10-1368
Walker, R. E., Choi, T. S. T., Quong, S., Hodges, R., Truby, H., & Kumar, A. (2020). “It’s not easy” - A qualitative study of lifestyle change during pregnancy. Women and Birth : Journal of the Australian College of Midwives, 33(4), e363–e370. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.WOMBI.2019.09.003 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wombi.2019.09.003
Zhu, Y., & Zhang, C. (2016). Prevalence of Gestational Diabetes and Risk of Progression to Type 2 Diabetes: a Global Perspective. Current Diabetes Reports, 16(1), 7. https://doi.org/10.1007/S11892-015-0699-X DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11892-015-0699-x
Descargas
Publicado
Cómo citar
Número
Sección
